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qchu.wordpress.com | ||
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almostsuremath.com
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| | | | | The aim of this post is to motivate the idea of representing probability spaces as states on a commutative algebra. We will consider how this abstract construction relates directly to classical probabilities. In the standard axiomatization of probability theory, due to Kolmogorov, the central construct is a probability space $latex {(\Omega,\mathcal F,{\mathbb P})}&fg=000000$. This consists... | |
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mattbaker.blog
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| | | | | Test your intuition: is the following true or false? Assertion 1: If $latex A$ is a square matrix over a commutative ring $latex R$, the rows of $latex A$ are linearly independent over $latex R$ if and only if the columns of $latex A$ are linearly independent over $latex R$. (All rings in this post... | |
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dominiczypen.wordpress.com
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| | | | | Let $latex \omega$ denote the first infinite cardinal - that is, the set of non-negative integers. Let $latex p_0 = 2$ be the smallest prime number, and let $latex (p_n)_{n\in\omega}$ enumerate all prime numbers in ascending order. Let $latex \mathcal{U}$ be a free ultrafilter on $latex \omega$. We consider the field $latex F = \big(\prod_{n\in\omega}\mathbb{Z}/p_n\mathbb{Z}\big)/{\mathcal... | |
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fharrell.com
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| | | In randomized clinical trials, power can be greatly increased and sample size reduced by using an ordinal outcome instead of a binary one. The proportional odds model is the most popular model for analyzing ordinal outcomes, and it borrows treatment effect information across outcome levels to obtain a single overall treatment effect as an odds ratio. When deaths can occur, it is logical to have death as one of the ordinal categories. Consumers of the results frequently seek evidence of a mortality reduct... | ||
