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qchu.wordpress.com | ||
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almostsuremath.com
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| | | | | The aim of this post is to motivate the idea of representing probability spaces as states on a commutative algebra. We will consider how this abstract construction relates directly to classical probabilities. In the standard axiomatization of probability theory, due to Kolmogorov, the central construct is a probability space $latex {(\Omega,\mathcal F,{\mathbb P})}&fg=000000$. This consists... | |
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dominiczypen.wordpress.com
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| | | | | Let $latex \omega$ denote the first infinite cardinal - that is, the set of non-negative integers. Let $latex p_0 = 2$ be the smallest prime number, and let $latex (p_n)_{n\in\omega}$ enumerate all prime numbers in ascending order. Let $latex \mathcal{U}$ be a free ultrafilter on $latex \omega$. We consider the field $latex F = \big(\prod_{n\in\omega}\mathbb{Z}/p_n\mathbb{Z}\big)/{\mathcal... | |
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www.jeremykun.com
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| | | | | So far on this blog we've given some introductory notes on a few kinds of algebraic structures in mathematics (most notably groups and rings, but also monoids). Fields are the next natural step in the progression. If the reader is comfortable with rings, then a field is extremely simple to describe: they're just commutative rings with 0 and 1, where every nonzero element has a multiplicative inverse. We'll give a list of all of the properties that go into this "simple" definition in a moment, but an even more simple way to describe a field is as a place where "arithmetic makes sense. | |
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4uinews.wordpress.com
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| | | ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? 1978 ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???????????? ?? ?? ??? ???... | ||
